A. Read the dialogue below and answer the following questions:
1. What happened to Mr Jones?
2. What is the cause of his problems?

Dialogue

Mr Jones: Good Morning doctor, I'm sorry to trouble you, but wife, who's very bossy, insisted I come in about the pain in my thigh.

Dr Ramsbottom: What seems to be the problem Mr Jones?

Mr Jones: Well last week when I woke up, I had a lump on my leg and I could hardly walk. My leg was swollen, but otherwise didn't look especially bad. For the whole day I couldn't put any pressure on it, then the next day the swelling went down and I didn't think anymore of it. However, yesterday I had problems walking again, that's when my wife insisted I came here.

Dr Ramsbottom: Well she sounds very sensible. Have you any idea what might have caused this pain?

Mr Jones: The only thing I can think is that when I was at work. I work in the big forklift factory in town; I was hit by a piece of metal, which my mate Jon was taking to the loading bay. It was a metal girder, which we use for keeping metal in place when we shape it; he didn't bang me very hard, but it was quite a big piece. I didn't think anything of it at the time because it didn't really hurt. But the pain does seem to be coming from the same place that I was hit.

Dr Ramsbottom: Did you have any bruising from the contact with the metal?

Mr Jones: It was a little bruised, you know yellow and purple, but it didn't seem serious. There are often small accidents in the factory; it's quite dangerous. It's not the first time I've been hit by something.

Dr Ramsbottom: Don't you have any safety regulations which you can refer to?

Mr Jones: Yes, the rules are quite clear, the notices are everywhere. Unfortunately, not all the lads pay attention to safety.

Dr Ramsbottom: That doesn't sound good, you should complain. You might be able to get compensation for this injury.

Mr Jones: I know my wife, who's a legal secretary, said the same. Her boss is one of those personal injury lawyers; she's going to get him to consider my case. She reckons we could get some money from Crypto.

Dr Ramsbottom: That sounds like a good idea. In the meantime, I think I should just check your leg; can you feel this?

Mr Jones: Yes, it hurts when you put pressure on it there. It's not a sharp pain, though; more that it feels tender.

Dr Ramsbottom: Well I don't think anything is broken, but I think we'll need to get this x-rayed just in case. I'll make an appointment for you at the hospital. It's possible that you have some internal damage.

Mr Jones: Do you think it's serious?

Dr Ramsbottom: I really can't tell at this stage, but we'll know more when you've had the tests. In the meantime, I don't think you should be at work; you should sit with your leg up. I'll give you sick leave for a week and we'll make a further decision once we get the results from the hospital.

Mr Jones: Okay I'll take it easy, thank you doctor, goodbye.

Dr Ramsbottom: Goodbye Mr Jones


Glossary:
bossy - apodyktyczny,
thigh - udo,
lump - guz,
swollen - spuchnięty,
pressure - nacisk,
girder - dźwigar
bruising - stłuczenie,
safety regulation - przepisy bezpieczeństwa,
personal injury lawyers - prawnicy zajmujący się sprawami poszkodowanych,
sharp pain - ostry ból,
tender - wrażliwy,
internal damage - wewnętrzne obrażenia,
sit with your leg up - siedzieć z nogą do góry.


B. Read the definitions of two types of relative clauses and decide whether the underlined sentences in the dialogue are defining or non-defining.

- A defining relative clause supplies information which is needed in order to identify a particular person or thing - they define exactly who or what we are referring to.

- Non-defining relative clauses have a variety of uses in written English. As well as adding descriptive information, they are often used to indicate that one event happened after another.

Defining relative clauses often use pronouns (which, where, that, who, whom) in which of the above sentences can the pronoun be omitted? What rule can you come up with?

C. Put the correct pronoun in each gap below. Can it be omitted in any of the sentences?

1. My mother, ________ is 55, works as a paediatric nurse.
2. I saw the car _______ caused the accident.
3. I picked up the stethoscope _____ I then dropped.
4. That's the ward _______ I work 4 shifts a week.
5. She's the surgeon_______ I told you about.
6. I don't trust the man _______ repaired the staff toilet.
7. His attitude, _______ I find annoying, is not good for team spirit.
8. That's the table in the canteen ______ I had lunch with Mark.
9. He's the doctor to _______ I was referring.
10. Jane, ________ qualified last month, has got a job in a Spanish hospital.

Which of the above are defining and which are non-defining relative clauses?

Key

B.

defining relative clause
It was a metal girder, which we use for keeping metal in place when we shape it
Don't you have any safety regulations which you can refer to?

non-defining relative clause
I'm sorry to trouble you, but wife, who's very bossy, insisted I come in about the pain in my thigh.
I was hit by a piece of metal, which my mate Jon was taking to the loading bay.
I know, my wife, who's a legal secretary, said the same.

C.
1. who
2. which/that
3. which
4. where
5. which/that
6. who
7. which/that
8. where
9. who/whom
10. who

The pronoun can be omitted in 4 & 5 if omitted in 4, 8 and 9 words have to be added or word order changed.
defining 4,5,6,8,9
non-defining 1,2,3,7,10


Joke

Doctor, Doctor I've lost my memory!
When did this happen?
When did what happen?